KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION At the end of the course, the student will have acquired a solid knowledge base of major otorhinolaryngological pathologies, key diagnostic tools, and procedures used in otorhinolaryngology, such as endoscopy with optical fibers, audiological diagnostics, and imaging applied to head and neck pathologies. They will also be familiar with available therapeutic options for otorhinolaryngological diseases, including surgical, medical, and rehabilitative approaches. APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student will be able to apply the theoretical knowledge gained in clinical practice. They will diagnose and treat a wide range of otorhinolaryngological disorders based on symptoms, clinical signs, and diagnostic test results. They will have sufficient competence to interpret instrumental and laboratory test results to formulate accurate diagnoses. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT The student will critically apply the learned techniques. In particular, they will critically evaluate available therapeutic options, considering scientific evidence, risks, and expected benefits for patients. They will have enough skill to assess the effectiveness of implemented treatments. COMMUNICATION SKILLS The student will be able to describe diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, providing reasoned explanations for their choices. They will possess adequate communication skills to convey information clearly and effectively to patients, explaining major otorhinolaryngological pathologies and respective treatment options in an understandable manner. They will be able to collaborate in communication with other healthcare professionals and document clinical evaluation and treatment results accurately and comprehensively. LEARNING ABILITY By the end of the course, the student must be able to independently delve into the topics covered. They will be encouraged to reflect on their learning experiences, identify any gaps in their understanding, and develop strategies to address them. They will also be encouraged to evaluate scientific evidence and make evidence-based decisions.

The student must have specific knowledge of normal human anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the head and neck area.

The course aims to provide a solid understanding of the anatomy of the otorhinolaryngological system and to familiarize students with the main otorhinolaryngological pathologies, especially those related to dental practice. Students should develop skills to conduct an initial assessment of otorhinolaryngological pathologies, which may involve accurately collecting medical history, performing clinical examinations, and using appropriate diagnostic tools such as otoscopy, rhinoscopy, and laryngoscopy. Furthermore, students should be able to comprehend the available therapeutic options for otorhinolaryngological pathologies and manage the most common conditions. They should also be aware of preventive measures that can help reduce the risk of otorhinolaryngological pathologies, particularly understanding the risk factors for neoplastic conditions.

P Boscolo Rizzo, MC Da Mosto, Argomenti di Otorinolaringoiatria per gli studenti di Medicina e Chirurgia, Odontoiatria, Tecniche audioprotesiche ed Igiene dentale. Padova: CLEUP K. J. Lee’s Essential Otolaryngology [12th Edition], McGraw-Hill Education

PATHOLOGY NASAL, PARANASAL SINUS AND RHINOPHARNGES - Differential symptoms and diagnosis of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, rhinolalia, snoring, facial pain. - Epistaxis, inflammatory processes acute and chronic rhinosinusals, rhinopathies, nasal foreign bodies. - Benign and malignant tumors of the nasopharynx, sinuses and nasal pits PATHOLOGY OF THE OROPHARYNX - Symptoms and differential diagnosis of dysphagia, odynophagia, trismus - Acute and chronic inflammatory processes, hypertrophy of the soft palate and snoring - Foreign bodies, benign and malignant tumors - Taste function and its modifications PATHOLOGY SALIVARY GLANDS - Differential symptoms and diagnosis, acute and chronic inflammatory processes, lithiasis, benign tumors and malicious PATHOLOGY OF THE LARYNX, HYPOPHARNGE AND NECK - Symptoms and differential diagnosis of dyspnoea, dysphonia, dysphagia, cough, neck masses: lateral and medial - Acute inflammatory processes e chronic, vocal cord disease, vocal cord paralysis, benign and malignant tumors, tracheostomy. PATHOLOGY OF THE EAR - Symptoms and differential diagnosis of otalgia, otodynia, otorrhea, hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness. - principles of audiovestibology - Inflammatory processes of the external and middle ear and their complications - Benign and malignant tumors PATHOLOGY OF CRANIAL NERVES: II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

Lectures with the use of slides and videos illustrating the head and neck area in both normal and pathological conditions

Teaching material provided by the teacher.

The student evaluation includes a final written exam consisting of 31 multiple-choice questions (with only one correct answer). The exam score is given on a scale of thirty. For each correct answer, 1 point will be awarded. For each incorrect answer, -0.25 points will be deducted. If no answer is provided, 0 points will be given. To pass the exam (18/30), the student must demonstrate sufficient knowledge of the topics covered in the course and score at least 18 points. To achieve the highest score (30/30 with honors), the student must demonstrate an excellent understanding of the topics covered in the course and answer all the questions correctly.

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)