KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: students must have understood and memorized the theoretical aspects of the program.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: students will have to know how to apply theoretical notions in the management of endodontic cases.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT: students must be able to collect and interpret clinically relevant data.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS: students should be able to communicate information, ideas and solutions to clinical problems to colleagues and patients.
ABILITY TO LEARN: students must demonstrate a sufficient degree of autonomy to undertake subsequent studies in a self-managed way.

Having clarified the notions of physiopathology and the means available, students will have to know the characteristics of the endodontic system and be able to diagnose and manage acute pulpits; at the end they will have to be able to proceed with the opening of the pulp chamber and the pulpotomy, after having made the correct diagnosis. They will also have to know and know how to use manual files according to the step-back technique.

To get through the course of Conservative Dentistry

The course program examines the corono-radicular anatomy and the endodontic system for single series of teeth, the histology and the pulpo-dentinal pathophysiology, also analyzed from a radiographic point of view, for the purpose of understanding the pulpo-periodontal emergencies and how manage them technically in an isolated field. Therefore, manual instrumentation techniques are examined with particular regard to step-back, the use of which is still necessary.

Castelluci A. Endodonzia. Ed. Edra, Milano, 2021
Castelluci A. Endodonzia Microchirurgica. Ed. Edra, Milano, 2019
Somma F. Endodonzia. Principi di base, procedure operative e tecniche. Edizioni Edra, 2016
Mahmoud Torabinejad, Richard E. Walton. Endodontics: principles and practice. Elsevier
Health Sciences, 2009, 4th Edition
International literature
Teaching materials provided by the teacher and discussed in class

- Introduction to Endodontics
- Pathophisiology of pulp and periodontium and generalities of diagnosis
- Radiography in Dentistry and Endodontics
- Endodontic histology and anatomy
- Common pulpal emergencies in Endodontics
- Instruments and devices
- Pulpotomy and pulpectomy
- Isolation in Endodontics: rubber dam and other devices.
- Manual instrumentation
- Step-back preparation of the canal

1. lectures
2. analysis of clinical images, radiographies and videos
3. discussion of clinical cases
4. practical simulations

In-depth analysis of problems and clinical cases on demand

The student's ongoing and final assessment includes:
- written theoretical exam (31 multiple-choice quizzes, divided between Endodontics and Conservative) on the topics covered
- evaluation of practical works on endobloc (manual/mechanical instrumentation) for Endodontics
- oral discussion

The exam mark is expressed out of thirty and derives from the weighted result of the two tests listed, each of which must be passed with at least 18/30. To obtain 30/30 cum laude the student must have passed the exam with 31/31 and have demonstrated particular interests and theoretical and/or practical skills pertaining to the subject.

The evaluation grid adopted is the following:
- Excellent (30 - 30 cum laude): excellent knowledge of the subjects, excellent language skills, excellent analytical skills; the student is able to brilliantly apply the knowledge theory to concrete cases.
- Very good (27 - 29): good knowledge of the subjects, remarkable language proficiency, good analytical skills; the student is able to correctly apply the knowledge theory to concrete cases.
- Good (24-26): good knowledge of the main topics, good command of the language; him/her student shows an adequate ability to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases.
- Satisfactory (21-23): the student does not show full command of the topics main subjects of teaching, while possessing the fundamental knowledge; it shows anyway satisfactory command of the language and sufficient ability to apply theoretical knowledge a concrete cases.
- Sufficient (18-20): minimum knowledge of the main topics of teaching and of the technical language, limited ability to adequately apply theoretical knowledge to cases concrete.
- Insufficient: the student does not have an acceptable knowledge of the contents of the different program topics.

After the partial tests have been carried out, the results of which will be published using the "Partial tests" tool provided by the Esse3 platform, a single final appeal is planned in which the Commission proceeds to verify the overall results of the integrated teaching and the related verbalization.

In the case of partial tests, in order to pass the exam relating to the teaching, the student must obtain an evaluation of ≥ 18 in each of the partial tests, he/she will not be able to refuse the result of the partial test, but only the grade of the entire integrated course and, in this case, he will have to repeat all the partial tests.

The Student must register for the online exam session on ESSE3. The grade of the partial test is valid until the extraordinary session of the academic year in question.

The final grade of the integrated course exam derives from the weighted average, therefore weighted on the CFU of each module, obtained in the individual partial tests. For the purposes of defining the average, the value of 1 point is attributed to any honors obtained in the partial tests, i.e. the grade of 30 and honors in the partial tests corresponds numerically to the score of 31. To attribute honors to the final exam grade , it will be necessary for the weighted average obtained by the student in the partial tests relating to the various modules to be >30.5.

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