KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: at the end of the course, students must demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
key concepts and fundamental principles on which endodontic, periodontal and fixed prosthetic diagnosis and therapy are based and to know the healing processes.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: at the end of the course the students will have to know how to apply the principles and diagnostic tools of Endodontics, and will have to know how to do simple root canal treatment and endodontic retreatment of mono and multi-rooted teeth and be able to manage complex cases organizationally.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT: students must be able to collect and interpret clinically relevant data.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS: students should be able to communicate information, ideas and solutions to clinical problems to patients and colleagues.
ABILITY TO LEARN: students must demonstrate a sufficient degree of autonomy to undertake further details and studies in a self-managed way.

Briefly, at the end of the course the student must be able to correctly carry out an endodontic therapy on the basis of an equally correct diagnosis and must possess sufficient knowledge to a critical and updated view of the subject.

Knowledge of anatomy, histology and pathophysiology of the pulp.
To get trough the course of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics during the first semester.

The course intends to examine the fundamentals of Endodontics in the light of modern acquisitions, focusing the attention on pulpal pathology and its periodontal complications, whose differential diagnosis assumes decisive importance for the correct choice and implementation of treatment. The current techniques of instrumentation, irrigation, medication and root canal obturation are also treated, as well as borderline endo-periodontal pathologies, considering retreatments and the surgical approach of therapeutic failures.

Castelluci A. Endodonzia. Ed. Edra, Milano, 2021
Castelluci A. Endodonzia Microchirurgica. Ed. Edra, Milano, 2019
Somma F. Endodonzia. Principi di base, procedure operative e tecniche. Edizioni Edra, 2016
Mahmoud Torabinejad, Richard E. Walton. Endodontics: principles and practice. Elsevier
Health Sciences, 2009, 4th Edition
International literature
Teaching materials provided by the teacher and discussed in class

- Technical corpus of Endodontics, purposes, thematic macro-areas, key concepts
- Pulp pathology and complications of pulp disease
- Diagnosis and differential diagnosis in Endodontics
- Traditional and innovative techniques for the instrumentation of the access cavity and root canal with manual, rotary, ultrasonic, reciprocating and combined isystems in straight and curved canals
- Endodontic irrigation and disinfection; irrigant activation techniques
- Principles and techniques of root canal filling
- Endo-periodontal lesions
- Endodontic retreatment and removal of posts and separated files
- Endodontic dressing: modern concepts, materials and techniques, apexogenesis and apexification
- Endodontic surgery
- Endodontic emergencies and complications

1. lectures
2. analysis of clinical images, radiographies and videos
3. discussion of clinical cases
4. practical simulations

In-depth analysis of complex endodontic problems and cases on demand

The student's ongoing and final assessment includes:
- written theoretical exam (31 multiple-choice quizzes, divided between Endodontics and Conservative) on the topics covered
- evaluation of practical works on extracted teeth (endodontic treatment) and possibly on endobloc (mechanical instrumentation) for Endodontics
- oral discussion

The exam mark is expressed out of thirty and derives from the weighted result of the two tests listed, each of which must be passed with at least 18/30. To obtain 30/30 cum laude the student must have passed the exam with 31/31 and have demonstrated particular interests and theoretical and/or practical skills pertaining to the subject.

The evaluation grid adopted is the following:
- Excellent (30 - 30 cum laude): excellent knowledge of the subjects, excellent language skills, excellent analytical skills; the student is able to brilliantly apply the knowledge theory to concrete cases.
- Very good (27 - 29): good knowledge of the subjects, remarkable language proficiency, good analytical skills; the student is able to correctly apply the knowledge theory to concrete cases.
- Good (24-26): good knowledge of the main topics, good command of the language; him/her student shows an adequate ability to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases.
- Satisfactory (21-23): the student does not show full command of the topics main subjects of teaching, while possessing the fundamental knowledge; it shows anyway satisfactory command of the language and sufficient ability to apply theoretical knowledge a concrete cases.
- Sufficient (18-20): minimum knowledge of the main topics of teaching and of the technical language, limited ability to adequately apply theoretical knowledge to cases concrete.
- Insufficient: the student does not have an acceptable knowledge of the contents of the different program topics.

After the partial tests have been carried out, the results of which will be published using the "Partial tests" tool provided by the Esse3 platform, a single final appeal is planned in which the Commission proceeds to verify the overall results of the integrated teaching and the related verbalization.

In the case of partial tests, in order to pass the exam relating to the teaching, the student must obtain an evaluation of ≥ 18 in each of the partial tests, he/she will not be able to refuse the result of the partial test, but only the grade of the entire integrated course and, in this case, he will have to repeat all the partial tests.

The Student must register for the online exam session on ESSE3. The grade of the partial test is valid until the extraordinary session of the academic year in question.

The final grade of the integrated course exam derives from the weighted average, therefore weighted on the CFU of each module, obtained in the individual partial tests. For the purposes of defining the average, the value of 1 point is attributed to any honors obtained in the partial tests, i.e. the grade of 30 and honors in the partial tests corresponds numerically to the score of 31. To attribute honors to the final exam grade , it will be necessary for the weighted average obtained by the student in the partial tests relating to the various modules to be >30.5.

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