Knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course, the student knows and understands the morphology, structural and functional organization of the human body, at the macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural level of the systems and organs of the human body.
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course, the student has the ability to connect the macroscopic, structural and ultrastructural organization of systems equipment and organs with corresponding functions. The student recognizes the macroscopic structure of the systems and organs, connecting it to the notions of surface anatomy, topographical anatomy, radiological and clinical. It identifies and interprets regions and anatomical structures. It is also able to apply anatomical knowledge in solving problems of physiology, pathology, physical semiotics of the related anatomo-clinical.
Autonomy of judgment: at the end of the course, the student will have the ability to integrate their anatomical knowledge, managing its complexity, with the data of physiology, pathophysiology and physical and instrumental semeiotics. The student will be able to make judgments on anatomical alterations and their implication in the main physiopathological processes that lead to the most common pathological states reflecting on the socio-economic and ethical dimensions connected to them; it will have to refer to the knowledge of anatomy in the execution of the physical semeiotic maneuvers and in the interpretation of the instrumental semeiotic data.
Communication skills: at the end of the course the student will have the ability to describe and explain (both in oral and written form) the normal morphology and structure of the human body even knowing how to use it use effectively the communication tools of scientific publications and communications.
Learning skills: at the end of the course, the student will have acquired the ability to update autonomously on the contents of human anatomy, using the methods of updating typical of scientific investigation in the biomedical field.

Knowledge of the basics of cytology, biology, histology, and embryology.
Expected Histology and Embryology.

General morphology of the human body
Criteria for the study of Systematic and Topographic Anatomy. Anatomy-clinical terminology. Functional characteristics and organs constituting the apparatus and systems of the human body. Hollow organs and solid organs. Topographical organization of the human body. Topographic and Clinical Anatomy. Limits and constitution of the regions of the neck, thorax and abdomen.
Abstract: Of each organ the student must learn the following characteristics: • Shape with faces, margins, poles, etc.
• Volume and dimensions
• Weight
• Area
• Color
• Consistency
• Location
• Means of fixity
• Reports
• Blood vascularity, lymphatic and innervation • Internal configuration for hollow organs
• Appearance of section for full organs
• Structure under the microscope: Optical and Electromiscroscopy

F.H. Netter, Atlante di Anatomia Umana. Ed. Edra edizioni
S. Standring, Gray's Anatomy. Ed. Elsevier
Anatomia funzionale e clinica dello splacnocranio. Edi Ermes
3D platform Complete Anatomy

Anatomical nomenclature.
Definition of “anatomical position”; regions and planes of symmetry of the human body; definition of solid organ and hollow organ.
Cardiovascular system.
Morphology, structure and main functions of the heart. Arterial system and venous system (pulmonary and systemic circulation). Hepatic portal system. Structure of blood and lymph vessels. Systematics of the arteries and veins of the systemic circulation. Blood vascularization and efferent lymphatic vasculature of the head and neck. Blood vascularization (external carotid artery and jugular vein system) and lymphatic drainage of the splanchnocranium.
Lymphatic system.
Definition of primary lymphoid organs and peripheral lymphoid organs. Description of thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and tonsils.
Endocrine system.
Description of the main endocrine glands: pituitary gland (adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis and hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system), thyroid gland, parathyroid gland and adrenal glands.
Locomotor apparatus.
Introduction to the skeletal system: bones and joints. Description of the vertebral column, thoracic wall and of the upper and lower limbs. Individual bones of cranium and facial skeleton. Cranial fossae and foramina. Skeletal muscle system: muscles of thorax and abdomen and respiratory mechanisms, mimic muscles, masticatory muscles, muscles of the neck, supra-and infrahyoid muscles.
Respiratory system.
Anatomy of the respiratory tracts and lungs. Pleurae and respiratory mechanisms.
Digestive System.
Description of the vestibule and of the oral cavity proper (oral mucosa, lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, floor).Overbite, overjet, lips anatomical structures and its vessels and nerves, mimic muscles, oral mucosa, coating, specialized.Relationship between arches, inclination of teeth and their function, upper and lower arch contact surfaces, Spee and Wilson Curve, Angle Dental Relationships, mandibular temporal joint (ATM) morphology and function, direct and indirect ligaments TMJ, masticatory muscles above and sottoiodei, kinetics of the jaw, opening movement, closing, laterality, protrusion, of Posselt schema, in relation to the anatomical conformation TMJ dental morphology. Tongue: macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Taste buds and taste pathways. Major salivary glands: gross anatomy and topographical outline of the structure. Pharynx and its skeletal muscles. Description of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, mesenteric, large intestine, liver and pancreas.
Urinary system.
Description of the kidney and of the urinary tract.
Nervous system.
Development of the nervous system. General principles of the nervous system. Spinal medulla and spinal nerves. Rhombencephalon and nuclei of cranial nerves. General organization of cerebellum and diencephalon. Telencephalon: cerebral cortex and main cortical areas. Ascending and descending pathways.I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII cranial nerves: course and connections. Morpho-functional organization of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic).

The teaching will be divided into lectures, with integration of video tutorials. The lessons aim to emphasize anatomical concepts and principles, leaving aside the notional aspect and the accumulation of details. The exposure of scientific problems, of study techniques in biomedical research of morphological, structural and ultrastructural type contributes to the autonomy of judgment, the development of communication skills, to develop problem-solving skills and to develop learning skills to generalize to different contexts.
visualizations are provided through traditional skeletons, models and anatomical mannequins, as well as digital image techniques thanks to the use of particular devices that can directly correlate dissection images with 3D images of radiology, of computed axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Modern pedagogical technologies will also be used, such as problem-based learning, problem oriented learning, visual thinking strategy, flipped classroom methodology, body painting techniques, modern interactive digital and multimedia technologies, 3-D printing technologies, engineering modelling, gamification techniques, and other innovative methodologies, which will have the task of:
• Actively involve students and stimulate them to elaboration and deep learning (deep learning), for a deeper understanding and a better use of knowledge;
• Stimulate students to interact with each other (collaborative learning), because these interactions can positively affect learning;
• Place students in a professional context and subject them to problem-solving from multiple perspectives, to stimulate knowledge transfer and reflective learning (reflective learning);
The teaching will be divided into lectures, with integration of video tutorials. The lessons aim to emphasize anatomical concepts and principles, leaving aside the notional aspect and the accumulation of details. The exposure of scientific problems, of
• Encourage students to be aware of their previous knowledge and motivated to improve their learning process (continuing independent learning).
Lessons will also be held with anatomical models at the university headquarters. There are also exercises to be carried out at home dental design.

Lessons will be made available in registered form to attending students. Both the recorded lessons and the files projected in the classroom will be inserted day by day within the teams platform and then available to the enrolled students.

Oral examination through partial tests with a single and contextual final assessment within the evaluation committee. The student will have to take the individual partial tests ( locomotor anatomy, general anatomy) in the appeals provided by the exam calendar of the Degree Course.
In particular, the performance of partial tests, the results of which must be published using the IT tool «Partial tests» provided for by the Esse3 platform and will be recorded as a single final appeal in which the Commission carries out the verification of the overall results of the integrated teaching and its record-keeping.
The Student must register for the online exam of the partial test on ESSE3. The vote of the partial test will be considered valid until the extraordinary session of the academic year of reference.The student, to pass the examination related to the teaching will have to obtain an assessment 18 in each of the partial tests, will not be able to refuse the outcome of the partial test, but only the vote of the entire integrated course and, in this case, will have to repeat all the partial tests.
Grade 29-30 and praise: the student has a THOROUGH knowledge of the subject has excellent communication skills and masters the medical-scientific language.Grade 26-28: the student has a GOOD knowledge of the subject and clearly exposes the arguments using an appropriate medical-scientific language;
Grade 22-25: the student has a DECENT knowledge of the subject, even if limited to the main topics and exposes the topics in a fairly clear with a decent property of language;
Grade 18-21: the student has the MINIMUM knowledge of the subject and exposes the topics in a sufficiently clear although the property of language is poorly developed; Exam not passed: the student DOES NOT HAVE THE MINIMUM KNOWLEDGE required of the main contents of the teaching. The ability to use the specific language is very little or nothing and is not able to apply the acquired knowledge independently.

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)