D1. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY
The course aims to delve into the main, often contradictory aspects of architectural design, its form, its program and related infrastructures, and thus to start from the question of scale as a pretext for reflecting on the idea of architecture and its matrix related to the space of motion. For this reason, the student will be called upon to make his or her own critical journey among the disciplines and knowledge that inform and engage architecture and the territory to create a single horizon between norms, technique, functionality and form.

D2. KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY OF UNDERSTANDING APPLIED
The lecturer intends to guide students in the acquisition of the fundamentals of design at the large scale, with particular attention toward the aspects of ideation on the one hand and direct application in the field on the other (design exercise).
For this reason, the course has three objectives:
- The first aims to identify and select the characters of architecture at the large scale, to thus build an endowment of tools for reading and understanding complex design organisms;
- The second aims to guide the acquisition of the "concept of integration," through the interpretation of the relationships of exchange and permeability between architecture, infrastructure and context, experimenting with methods and strategies to transform networks and nodes into "landscapes" and "architectures."
- The third aims to provide the necessary tools to develop new ideas and approaches, investigating and questioning the principle that "form follows function" in relation to the question of scale.

D3. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT
The design exercise will be unique to the lab, and will stimulate the student to build interdisciplinary coherence with other courses. The student will be expected to account to the faculty for "integrated" choices during reviews and seminars by demonstrating the ability to identify the most relevant solution in relation to the content of the theoretical lectures.

D4. COMMUNICATION SKILLS
The most appropriate content, tools and techniques for project representation and communication will be provided. The student will be expected to use appropriate media and linguistic registers for the communication of the specific issues addressed, and consistent with the general idea of "large-scale architecture."

D5. CAPACITY TO LEARN
The final exercise should demonstrate that he/she has deepened the contents illustrated during the course through the application to a specific case valid for the entire workshop, in which the spaces of flows (not only viability but also related to all modes and types of users), will be integrated and complementary to the spaces of being.

The prerequisites are those provided by the Integrated Design and Architecture Design Laboratory, that is, having attended the workshops studios and preparatory courses as required by the regulations of the course of study.

The course is a fundamental part of the Laboratory of Integrated Design of Architecture and the Built Environment, following an atelier logic, thus through constant development work verification and interlocution , will address the study of congruent relationships between connective modes, compositional and constructive techniques in the most current and disenchanted expressions-declinations of Architectural design. The contents of the course will focus on the design of the large-scale and in support of the AC Integrated Design Laboratory project, and in particular on large architectural complexes, proposing to the student different forms and modes of "infrastructure-architecture hybridization." To do so, the incipit with which Rem Koolhaas opens his essay on the Bigness will have to be considered as a starting point:
"Beyond a certain scale, architecture takes on the peculiarities of large scale. The best motivation for dealing with large scale is the one offered in his time by the climbers of Mount Everest: 'because it is there'." The main thesis that underlies the entire course recognizes in the period at the turn of the 1990s a paradigm shift in the size of architecture and mobility that allows ample room for experimentation. The student consequently will be challenged to answer the following questions:
What is scale? What are the scales of the project? What is or are the relationships today between scales and the different disciplines of design? Can architecture be thought of as landscape or infrastructure as architecture? These "large" works are simultaneously works of architecture, and landscape, constituting themselves as elements "of an artificial geography." Course content will be centered around the meaning of "large," the architectural relationship between form and program and its evolution, and the concept of the hybrid. The lecturer will guide the student through a dual path:
1. a critical path linked to specific theoretical references inherent in the themes of the large-scale, the relationship between urban space, street and architecture, and the relationship between composition, form and functional complexity.
2. an architectural-functional course aimed at the study and knowledge of the main cases of infrastructure works integrated with large architectural and urban complexes.
At the end of the course the student should have demonstrated, through the design experiments of the Laboratory of Integrated Design of Architecture and the Built Environment, the ability to control the integrated design of architecture, infrastructure and landscape, not only resolving the interferences and criticalities due to the different nature (space of motion and space of being), but demonstrating possible original formal and functional developments.

Texts, specialized journals, articles, essays and specific design references will be provided as the course progresses.
• Vittorio Gregotti, Il territorio dell’architettura, Feltrinelli, Milano 1966.
• Robert Venturi, Complexity and contradiction in architecture, MoMA, New York, 1966.
• Joseph Rykwert, Imparare dalla strada, “Lotus”, n.11, 1976.
• Oswald Mathias Ungers et alii, The City in the City. Berlin: a Green Archipelago, Lars Muller Publisher, Zurigo, 1977.
• Colin Rowe e Frank Koetter. Collage City, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1978.
• Costantino Dardi, Semplice, lineare, complesso: l’acquedotto di Spoleto, Kappa, roma, 1987.
• Rem Koolhaas, Bigness, ovvero il problema della grande dimensione, “Domus”, n.764,1994.
• Mirko Zardini (a cura di), Paesaggi ibridi, Highway, Multiplicity, Skira, Milano 1996.
• Ben van Berkel, Caroline Bos, Move, Goose Press, Amsterdam, 1999.
• Giovanni Corbellini, Grande e Veloce: strumenti compositivi nei contesti contemporanei, Officina Edizioni, Roma, 2000.
• Gilles Clement, Manifesto del Terzo paesaggio, Quodlibet, Macerata 2005
• Franco Purini, Questioni di infrastrutture, in Casabella n.739-740, 2006
• Aurora Fernandez Per, Javier Mozas, Javier Arpa, This is Hybrid: an analysis of mixed-use buildings by a+t, A+T Architecture Publ, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2011.
• Alberto Ferlenga, Marco Biraghi, Benno Albrecht (a cura di), L’Architettura del mondo: infrastrutture, mobilità, nuovi paesaggi, Compositori, Bologna, 2012.
• Giovanni Fraziano et alii, Le regole del Gioco: scenari architettonici e infrastrutturali per l’aeroporto FVG, EUT, Trieste, 2015.
• Franco Farinelli, L’invenzione della terra, Sellerio, Palermo, 2016.
• Claudio Mistura (a cura di), Costantino Dardi: forme dell’infrastruttura, Il Poligrafo, Padova, 2016.
• Andrea Volpe, Rino Tami: l’autostrada come problema artistico, “Firenze Architettura”, Vol.21, n.1. 2017.
• Filippo De Dominicis, Il progetto del mondo: Doxiadis, città e futuro, 1955-65, LetteraVentidue, Siracusa, 2020.
• Zeila Tesoriere, Il territorio nell’architettura. Grande scala e agricoltura nell’architettura italiana, 1966-1978, “Agathon”, n.7, 2020.
• Thomas Bisiani, Forms of the void, Athens Journal of Architecture, vol.8, n.3, 2022.
Monograph issues of journals:
Edilizia Moderna n°87-88 "La forma del territorio", 1965.
Casabella n°553-554 "Sulla strada".
Casabella n°575-576 "Il disegno del paesaggio italiano".
Casabella n°597-598 "Il disegno degli spazi aperti", Electa 1989-1993.
Lotus Intenational n° 87, 88, 89, 100, 101, 106, Electa 1995/2000.
Architettura Intersezioni n°3, "Una nuova ortodossia?" a cura di F.Garofalo, Dreossi Editore 1996.
2G "Landscapes architecture", 1997.
Piano Progetto Città "La qualità del progetto" n°18, Sala Editori 2000.
Lotus navigator n°2 "I nuovi paesaggi", Electa 2001.
Quaderns n°217 "Land arch", n°218 "Rethinking mobility".

Additional specific in-depth texts will be indicated during class materials and supports for the exam project.

The course will consist of:
1. theoretical lectures ex cathedra
2. lectures on case studies
3. collective classroom and workshop exercises and seminars
4. seminars with external lecturers and professionals.
The course activity will be coordinated with the teaching activity of the Integrated Architecture and Built Design Laboratory and coordinated with the other 3 courses within the Laboratory.
Former lectures will be devoted to two moments particularly relevant to architectural design in relation to the issues of scale and mobility:
- the most significant theories concerning the role of architectural design in relation to land and infrastructure from the 1960s to the early 1990s.
- the most recent European experiences regarding the issue of large scale, and thus the strategies that have emerged over the past 30 years.

For further information and communications relating to the course, write to prof. Thomas Bisiani, email: tbisiani@units.it

The exam will take place through the presentation of the graphic and written works produced by each group during the Laboratory and a contemporary individual interview on the theoretical-disciplinary themes relevant to the project, treated during the lessons and explored in depth with the reading of some volumes of the bibliography. general and that suggested from time to time in class. The Architecture of Large Works and Infrastructures course, in coordination with the Integrated Architecture and Built Design Laboratory, intermediate discussions during the seminars and a final assessment in the final exam which will take place as described above. The exam for the Architecture of Major Works and Infrastructures course is an integral part of the Laboratory exam. The vote is expressed in thirtieths. The questions are open-ended. The general criterion for obtaining sufficiency is based on Liebig's minimum theory, i.e. not on the amount of knowledge level of all the topics (topics, tools, theories) covered by the course, but on the level of knowledge of the poorest and how this influences others, limiting their theoretical-design application The specific criterion for obtaining sufficiency concerns the presence or absence of coherence between the design choices developed in the exam project and the theoretical ones discussed and covered by the course. To obtain the maximum score, the student will have to demonstrate, in addition to the coherence between the design and theoretical choices (therefore the knowledge of theories, techniques, tools and topics covered during the Architecture of Major Works and Infrastructures course), critical ability, a own architectural language, and self-criticism in the exposition of the project

The course is both theoretical and technical in nature so the prevailing themes are cultural in nature; however, they are fundamental to the training of an architect who is aware of the social, political, cultural, and even environmental responsibilities of those preparing to make transformations in the built environment and in people's living places. Knowledge and skills acquired can contribute to the goal of Sustainable Cities and Communities, in particular to inclusive and sustainable environmental, landscape and especially urban redevelopment and the promotion of cultural heritage.