Knowledge and understanding: the student must show mastery of knowlwdgerelated to:
1. funcional organization of the kidney
2. close relationship between the kidney function and the whole organism
3. the manner in which systemic damage or other organ or apparatus disfunction may induce a functional or structural alteration of the kidney

Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: te student must demonstrate that he has acquirede the skills, tools and autonomous capacity of:
1. correlate clinical, laboratory and instrumental aspects with the pathopysiologic mechanisms of renal damage
2. correlate systemic or other organ or apparatus damage with the alterations that they induce on function and structure of the kidney
3. correlate functional kudney damage with alteration from the same induced on other organ or apparatus

Autonomy of judgment: the student have to demonsrate the ability to use the knowledge gained in the discipline and to refer them to the knowledge of the oter disciplines tha make up the integrated coure, having achieved an autonoous ability to formulate diagnostic hypotheses in the event of nephropathy

Knowledge of basic sciences (i.e. anatomy, biochemistry, physiology and pathology) which will still be called the lectures and complemented by notes drawn up by the teacher and given to students.

The program focuses the following points: 1) development of knowledge of the pathophysiological basis of renale diseases 2)the clinical reasoning methodology considering the interrelationships betweennephrology and other medical and surgical specialties 3) consideration of renal disease as a disease of the whole body. Considering these basis the program is:
1. Elements fo clinical, laboratory and instrumental diagnosis of renal diseases
2. Epidemilogy of renal diseases
3: Primitive and secondary golmerular diseases
4. Tubulo-interstitial diseases
5. Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of kidney stone diseases
6. Kidney and urinary tracts infective diseases
7. Vascular renal diseases
8. Hereditary kidney diseases (genetic and kidney)
9. Acute renal failure
10. Chronic renal failire
11. Remarks on replacement therapy

Schena and Selvaggi: Malattie dei reni e delle vie urinarie
Harrison: Principles of Internal Medicine
Rugarli: Medicina interna sistematica
Rennke HG and Denker BM: Fisiopatologia renale. L'essenziale.
Windus D edit.: Manuale di nefrologia Clinica.
All the slides presented during the lectures will be provided.During the lectures it will also be suggested reading of relevant interest scientific pubblications

Clinical, laboratory and instrumental tools for the diagnosis of kidney diseases. The epidemiology of renal diseases. The glomerular nephropathies: pathogenesis, promitive glomerulonephritis, seconadry glomerulonephritis. Tubulo-interstitial nephritis. Kidney stones. Urinary tract infections. Vascualar nephropaties. The most frequent hereditary nephropaties. Acute renal failure. Chronic renal failure. The uremia repalcemente therapies: dialysis and transplantation

Lectures.
Any necessary change in the course modalities due to COVID19
emergency, will be notified during the lessons.

The teacher is available for any clarification on the subject of study.

There will be a single, integrated examination for the entire course of physiopathology, with a written part held via the moodle platform first (125 multiple-choice questions on 13 topics) in 2 hours and 33 minutes and then an oral part of 30 minutes. To be admitted to the oral part, it is necessary to have answered correctly to 60% of the questions and 60% of the topics. The oral exam will last 30 minutes and there will be 3 questions. As for the contents of this couse, there will be one oral question on one of the associations (10 minutes). Final score will be converted to a maximum of 30 points.
(30-30 cum laude=excellent knowledge; 27-29=very good knowledge; 24-26=good knowledge; 21-23 = just right knowledge; minimum amount of knowledge; <18= not enough knowledge)

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)