Knowledge and understanding
The course aims to provide students with theoretical bases and practical tips, in order to be prepared to study of typical naval hydrodynamics problems using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations.

Applying knowledge and understanding
The acquired knowledge will allow students to predict, through the correct use of CFD techniques, the hydrodynamic characteristics of marine hulls and propellers. Students will be able to conduct a detailed analysis of the flow field and study particular phenomena such as cavitation. In addition, the acquired knowledge will give students an understanding of the specificities of different CFD solvers and to extend and/or customize their functionality.

Making judgements
The acquired knowledge will allow students to independently tackle problems which differ from those studied in class. Individual judgment will be developed through an autonomous study of a naval hydrodynamics problem, where students will have to set up and conduct CFD simulations, and critically evaluate the accuracy of the results obtained.

Communication skills
Students will learn how to use terminology and procedures from the relevant scientific and technological community for this course, also through the presentation of the work carried out in the context of the autonomous study of a naval hydrodynamics problem.

Learning skills
The methodological approach adopted in this course will help students understand and go into more depth with the topics of the course critically and independently, also by consulting the existing technical and scientific literature. In addition, students will be able to perform CFD analysis with alternative software to that used in this course.

The basic knowledge of [381MI] - Resistance and propulsion, acquired in the first year of the Master's degree in Naval Engineering and Marine Architecture, is suggested.

INTRODUCTION TO CFD
Examples of CFD applications in the marine sector
CFD workflow
Review of the general principles of CFD

CONSERVATION LAWS OF FLUID MOTION
Conservation of mass
Conservation of momentum
Conservation of energy
Navier-Stokes equations for a Newtonian fluid
Generic transport equation
Classification of fluid flow equations

THE FINITE VOLUME METHOD
The discretization process
Review of the main numerical issues
Computational grids
Interpolation schemes
Boundary conditions
Time discretization
Techniques for solving linear systems of equations
Pressure-velocity coupling

TURBULENCE MODELLING
General characteristics of turbulent flows
Outline of DES (Direct Numerical Simulation) and LES (Large Eddy Simulation)
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations
RANS turbulence models

FREE SURFACE AND CAVITATION
VOF (Volume of Fluid Method)
Outline of cavitation models

ERRORS AND UNCERTAINTY IN CFD
Error types
Main uncertainty sources
Verification and Validation
ITTC guidelines

[1] H. K. Versteeg and W. Malalasekera, An Introduction to COMPUTATIONAL FLUID
DYNAMICS – The Finite Volume Method, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2007.

[2] F. Moukalled, L. Mangani, M. Darwish, The Finite Volume Method in Computational Fluid Dynamics - An Advanced Introduction with OpenFOAM and Matlab, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16874-6.

[3] C.J. Greenshields, H.G. Weller, Notes on Computational Fluid Dynamics: General Principles, CFD Direct Limited, 2022.

INTRODUCTION TO CFD
Examples of CFD applications in the marine sector
CFD workflow
Review of the general principles of CFD

CONSERVATION LAWS OF FLUID MOTION
Conservation of mass
Conservation of momentum
Conservation of energy
Navier-Stokes equations for a Newtonian fluid
Generic transport equation
Classification of fluid flow equations

THE FINITE VOLUME METHOD
The discretization process
Review of the main numerical issues
Computational grids
Interpolation schemes
Boundary conditions
Time discretization
Techniques for solving linear systems of equations
Pressure-velocity coupling

TURBULENCE MODELLING
General characteristics of turbulent flows
Outline of DES (Direct Numerical Simulation) and LES (Large Eddy Simulation)
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations
RANS turbulence models

FREE SURFACE AND CAVITATION
VOF (Volume of Fluid Method)
Outline of cavitation models

ERRORS AND UNCERTAINTY IN CFD
Error types
Main uncertainty sources
Verification and Validation
ITTC guidelines

Lectures and seminars given by professionals/researchers.
Practical exercises based: i) on the implementation of computer programs; ii) on the use of CFD solvers for more complex naval hydrodynamics problems.
The course material will be available on MOODLE2 platform.

The final examination is oral. It is based on at least three questions regarding the topics addressed during the course (theory and classroom exercises).

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)