Knowledge and understanding skills. Students should show mastery of knowledge related to the principles of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, desired and adverse effects of drugs.
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding. Student sshould demonstrate proficiency and understanding of the general principles of drug action on the human body.
Autonomy of judgment. Upon completion of the course, students should be able to operate with autonomy of judgment. They should be able to evaluate drugs' general pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics and the potential risks associated with exposure to bioactive substances.
Communication Skills: Students should be able to expound acquired concepts clearly. An excellent ability to communicate one's knowledge greatly facilitates the relationship with users and colleagues.
Learning skills. Students should be able to independently study the topics covered in the course, through consultation of specialized journals and texts, also for appropriate professional development.

Introduction to Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
The movement of drugs across cell membranes
Absorption of drugs (routes of administration, bioavailability and
bioequivalence )
Drug distribution (volume of distribution, protein binding, drug
distribution in special districts)
Biotransformation of drugs (phase 1 reactions, phase 2 reactions, enzyme inhibitors, enzyme inducers)
Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation
Renal excretion of drugs and their metabolites
Elimination rate constant and half-life Clearance
Drug interactions

Mechanisms of drug action at the cellular and molecular level
Receptors (drug-receptor interactions and quantitative response to medication, modulation of receptor responses ) Classes of receptors
Membrane receptors
receptor channels
G -protein coupled receptors
Ion channels as drug targets
Intracellular receptors

Toxicology
Mechanisms of cell injury induced by toxins Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis Teratogenesis
Allergic reactions to drugs
Tolerance and dependence Pharmacogenetics

Hints on some drug classes
Antimicrobials
Hormones

Reccomended text:
Collino, M., Cicala, C., & Ialenti, A. (2023). Farmacologia Generale. UTET Università.
Reference texts:
Govoni, S. (Ed.) (2024). Farmacologia. CEA.
Annunziato, L., & Di Renzo, G. (2020). Trattato di farmacologia (3rd ed.). Idelson-Gnocchi.
Vanderah, T. W. (2024). Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (16th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Brunton, L. L., Knollmann, B. C., Chabner, B. A., Dansey, R., & Lynch, T. G. (Eds.). (2022). Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (14th ed.). McGraw Hill Medical.

Introduction to Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
The movement of drugs across cell membranes
Absorption of drugs (routes of administration, bioavailability and
bioequivalence )
Drug distribution (volume of distribution, protein binding, drug
distribution in special districts)
Biotransformation of drugs (phase 1 reactions, phase 2 reactions, enzyme inhibitors, enzyme inducers)
Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation
Renal excretion of drugs and their metabolites
Elimination rate constant and half-life Clearance
Drug interactions

Mechanisms of drug action at the cellular and molecular level
Receptors (drug-receptor interactions and quantitative response to medication, modulation of receptor responses ) Classes of receptors
Membrane receptors
receptor channels
G -protein coupled receptors
Ion channels as drug targets
Intracellular receptors

Toxicology
Mechanisms of cell injury induced by toxins Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis Teratogenesis
Allergic reactions to drugs
Tolerance and dependence Pharmacogenetics

Hints on some drug classes
Antimicrobials
Hormones

Lectures assisted by slide shows. In order to improve the learning, the teacher will request the collaboration of the students trying to stimulate questions and discussion on the topics developed.

Students will be provided with PowerPoint slides used during the lectures. In any case, the lecturer is available for further clarifications and explanations upon email contact.

The assessment of achievement of the course objectives will involve an oral examination. By means of questions concerning the course content, it will be ascertained whether students have achieved the objectives of knowledge and understanding of the content. The evaluation, expressed in thirtieths, will consider the level of expertise and depth of the topics covered and the level of exposition. The examination will involve a discussion with the lecturers on two topics among those covered.

Specifically, the evaluation will be:
-Excellent (30-30 cum laude): excellent knowledge of topics, remarkable language property, good analytical ability; students can brilliantly apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases.
-Very good (27 -29): good knowledge of topics, remarkable language property, good analytical ability; students can correctly apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases.
-Good (24-26): good knowledge of central topics, fair language property; students with adequate ability to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases.
-Satisfactory (21-23): students with partial mastery of the main topics of the teaching, although he/she possesses the fundamental knowledge; however, he/she shows satisfactory ownership of language and sufficient ability to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases.
-Sufficient (18-20): minimal knowledge of the main topics of the teaching and of the
technical language, limited ability to adequately apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases.
-Insufficient (<18): students without acceptable content knowledge of the various program topics.

This course explores topics closely related to one or more objectives of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.