The general objective of the teaching is to provide knowledge on the underlying morphological and functional changes
of alterations in biological balance (homeostasis) and which constitute the foundation of
illnesses. In particular, it examines the causes (etiology) responsible for the various diseases, the mechanisms (pathogenesis) by which a disease arises and evolves and the modifications of the
functioning of large homeostatic systems, organs and systems affected by disease.
At the end of the course, in accordance with the Dublin Descriptors, to pass the exam the student must demonstrate:
Knowledge and understanding - Know the underlying causes of cellular and molecular damage, i
reaction mechanisms of the organism and the underlying pathological processes involved
consequence, both at a mechanistic and morphological level.
Applied knowledge and understanding - Knowing how to apply the knowledge acquired to understand
how basic pathological processes alter the functions of organs and systems and mediate the transition from cellular and tissue damage to disease of the organism. He must also be able to recognize the different pathological processes studied in images of histological preparations.
Making judgments – Having developed the ability to predict the body's responses to different causes of damage.
Communication skills – Knowing how to use technical-professional language correctly and appropriately to clearly and unambiguously explain the knowledge acquired and the reasoning developed.
Ability to learn - Having been able to integrate the information provided in lessons by independently drawing on authoritative information sources (e.g. textbooks), as well as being able to self-evaluate one's level of preparation and one's ability to express a organized thought before taking the exam.

Propedeutic exams: Biochemistry, Anatomy and Physiology

-Cellular Pathology
-Inflammation.
-Repair of tissues
- Wound healing
-Hemodynamic alterations
-Hemostasis and thrombosis
-Neoplasia.

T-PONTIERI RUSSO FRATI. PATOLOGIA GENERALE, VOLUME 1. PICCIN
- G.M Pontieri: “Patologia generale & Fisiopatologia generale per i corsi di laurea in Professioni Sanitarie”
-Robins and Cotran. Pathologic basis of disease. 7th edition. Kumar-Abbas-Fausto. Elsevier Saunders.

-Cellular Pathology. Cell damage: biochemical mechanisms general, ischemic and hypoxic ischemia / reperfusion damage by chemical agents. Cell death: necrosis and morphology, apoptosis. Adaptations subcellular, cellular and tissue damage: hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy, metaplasia and intracellular stores. Cellular aging: clock genes and telomeres, the role of free radicals.
-Inflammation. Acute inflammation: vascular changes, cellular events (release of leukocytes from the vessels and phagocytosis), chemical mediators of inflammation (vasoactive amines, plasma proteases, arachidonic acid metabolites, cytokines and chemokines, nitric oxide, free radicals), the results of acute inflammation and morphological pictures. Chronic inflammation: Definition, Causes, histological type, and cells involved mechanisms, granulomatous inflammation. Systemic effects of inflammation.
-Repair of tissues. Control of normal cell growth: cell cycle and growth factors. Fibrosis and angiogenesis. Wound healing.
-Hemodynamic alterations and shock. Edema, hyperemia and congestion, hemorrhage, embolism, heart attack, shock.
-Hemostasis and thrombosis. Normal hemostasis (endothelium, platelets and the coagulation cascade), thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
-Neoplasia. Definition, terminology and signs of epidemiology. Characteristics of malignant and benign tumors. Molecular basis of cancer: oncogenes (eg: ras oncogene, the ras gene activation model) and tumor suppressor genes.

Taught class
Lectures (2 CFU = 24 hrs)
Lectures: notebook and video projector for PowerPoint presentations.

Violetta Borelli, Ph.D.
Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita
Universita' di Trieste
Via A. Valerio 28 - 34127 - Trieste
Tel: +39-040-5584033
e-mail:borelliv@units.it
Orario di Ricevimento:su appuntamento. Office hours: upon appointment

Written test with multiple choice questions: 31 questions with 4 choice options to be carried out in 40 minutes. One point for each correct question, no penalty). Evaluation expressed in thirtieths.

This teaching contributes to the realization of the UN objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development