1.knowledge and understanding the experimental issues in bioorganic chemistry research. 2. Applying knowledge and understanding to solve the typical problems of an experimental measure in bioorganic chemistry and to analyze the obtained data. 3. Making judgements on experimental planning in bioorganic chemistry and in the evaluation of the results and of their meaning. 4. Communication skills on preparing reports on experimental activity. 5. Learning skills on the future experimental techniques on the basis of the knowledge of the current ones.

The knowledge of general organic chemistry, basic biochemistry, general reaction mechanisms, basic stereochemistry, mass and 1H NMR spectroscopy is required.

The course will allow to gain experience in the experimental methodologies of bioorganic chemistry and of advanced organic chemistry. i. Combinatorial synthesis of enzyme inhibitors and enzyme activity assays. ii. Synthesis of fluorescent bioconjugates. iii. Organic reaction mechanisms. Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects in the formation of the ferrimyoglobin-fluoride complex will be analysed.

Science, 1999, 286, 735 – 741; Age Ageing 2006, 35, 332 – 335; QSAR Comb. Sci. 2003, 22, 607 – 630; J. Chem. Educ. 2011, 88, 334-336; J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 352-355.

The course will allow to gain experience in the experimental methodologies of bioorganic chemistry and of advanced organic chemistry. i. Combinatorial synthesis of enzyme inhibitors and enzyme activity assays. Orthogonal libraries of tyrosinase inhibitors will be prepared, exploiting kojic acid as the scaffold to be functionalized at two diversity points. Inhibition will be measured by spectrophotometric assays. ii. Two proteins (BSA and collagene) will be labelled with chlorogenic acid and with fitc. After purification, the fluorescence spectra of the labelled spectra will be studied. Conjugates will then be synthesized, using different linkers. After purification and liophylization, the fluorescence emissions of the conjugates will be studied. iii. Organic reaction mechanisms. Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the formation of the ferrimyoglobin-fluoride complex, in particular: (a) determination of the kinetic constants for the formation and dissociation of the complex by fitting of kinetic data, (b) calculation of the equilibrium constant using the values of the kinetic constants and comparison with the value determined using the equilibrium concentrations

Laboratory experiments.

The first two experiences will be carried out by Federico Berti, the third one by Paolo Pengo

Evaluation of the experimental skills during the laboratory activities (33%), final written report on one of the course topics (33%). Oral exam on the report and on the other topics (33%). The final evaluation is formulated according to the following grid: Excellent (30 - 30 with honors): excellent knowledge of the subject, excellent command of language, the student shows excellent ability to apply the basic knowledge for interpretation of the topic presented. Very good (27 - 29): good knowledge of the topics, notable command of language; the student is able to correctly apply the basic knowledge. Good (24-26): good knowledge of the topics, fair command of language; the student shows an adequate ability to apply the basic knowledge. Satisfactory (21-23): the student does not show full mastery of the subject, although he/she has basic understanding of the topics; however, he/she shows sufficient command of language and sufficient ability to apply the principles. Sufficient (18-20): minimal knowledge of the subject and minimal use of technical language, limited ability to adequately apply the theoretical knowledge. Insufficient: the student does not possess an acceptable knowledge of the subject.

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)