1. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: Acquire the importance of organic synthesis aimed at the synthesis of products (drugs) present in nature. Acquisition of basic concepts, which allow the synthesis of organic molecules with biological activity, such as "atom economy" and "click chemistry", fundamental for developing efficient synthesis processes of industrial interest. Understand the inherent problems in the synthesis of typically chiral bioactive compounds, understand the racemate separation approaches, understand the stereoselective synthetic approaches of the proposed reactions, how they work, the reagents and conditions needed, the reaction mechanisms, pros and cons, as well as the environmental impact and approaches to measure and reduce it. 2. APPLIED KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: knowing how to apply the proposed reactions in the synthesis of bioactive compounds, knowing how to apply the mechanisms studied in the study of similar reactions, knowing how to apply the sustainability principles studied in the development of new syntheses. 3. MAKING JUDGMENTS: knowing how to use the knowledge acquired during the course to evaluate whether a reaction is sustainable or not, and how it can be improved. Acquire the ability to recognize a type of reaction based on the reagents used and the essential characteristics of the reactants and products. 4. COMMUNICATION SKILLS. Being able to illustrate the reaction mechanisms with good chemical vocabulary (i.e. correctly using organic chemistry terms such as nucleophile, electrophile, substitution, etc.) 5. ABILITY TO LEARN. Learn the concepts of the course relating to the stereoselective synthesis of bioactive compounds to learn to independently read and understand scientific texts (e.g. articles) where similar syntheses of new compounds are illustrated.

A basic understanding of organic chemistry (typically acquired in the bachelor's degree)

Natural and non-natural chiral bioactive compounds, synthesis and separation. Types of synthesis of bioactives. Sustainability and atomic de-economy. Click Chemistry and bio-orthogonal chemistry. Direct evolution. Organocatalysis, organometallic and enzymatic catalysis. Reactions developed by Sharpless. C-C couplings and metathesis.

Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part B: Reaction and Synthesis, F.A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg. Teaching material on Moodle2.

Introduction: chiral bioactive compounds and related basic concepts of stereochemistry, isomerism, chirality and problems relating to synthesis and separation. Bioactives present in nature. Relevance of a synthetic approach. Enantiopure compounds. Resolution or stereoselective synthesis, definition and types of stereoselective catalysis (organometallic, organic and enzymatic). Types of synthesis of bioactives. Atom economy and sustainability, environmental impact of a summary and parameters commonly used to evaluate it. Click Chemistry: principles and philosophy of click chemistry, reactions that satisfy this definition, some examples. Reactions in water and bio-orthogonal. Direct evolution. Reaction mechanisms and reaction components, conditions. Types of catalysts and binders, their chemical stability. Organocatalysis, types and examples. Catalyzed asymmetric reactions and types of catalysis: organometallic catalysis, organocatalysis and enzymatic catalysis. Sharpless: stereoselective epoxidation, dihydroxylation and aminohydroxylation. C-C couplings in the synthesis of bioactives. Metathesis reactions. Importance of C-C couplings in drug discovery and their production. Cost and toxicity aspects, safety. Mechanisms and examples. Essential characteristics of reactants and products. Catalysts and reaction condition.

Lessons in the classroom with the aid of a video projector. Interactive lessons on Moodle2.

Discussion of a work of literature among those proposed on Moodle2 relating to the topics covered in class and oral exam (on the blackboard). Verification of learning through discussion of the salient aspects of the various types of reactions studied, of the reaction mechanisms, of the reaction conditions by describing the examples seen in class by writing the structures on the blackboard that lead from the reactants to the products, the reaction mechanisms and the catalytic cycles . You will be asked about the pros and cons of the various types of reactions and their comparison, chemical incompatibilities, sustainability aspects, environmental impact and safety. The final evaluation is formulated according to the following grid: Excellent (30 - 30 with honors): excellent knowledge of the subject, excellent command of language, the student shows excellent ability to apply the basic knowledge for interpretation of the topic presented. Very good (27 - 29): good knowledge of the topics, notable command of language; the student is able to correctly apply the basic knowledge. Good (24-26): good knowledge of the topics, fair command of language; the student shows an adequate ability to apply the basic knowledge. Satisfactory (21-23): the student does not show full mastery of the subject, although he/she has basic understanding of the topics; however, he/she shows sufficient command of language and sufficient ability to apply the principles. Sufficient (18-20): minimal knowledge of the subject and minimal use of technical language, limited ability to adequately apply the theoretical knowledge. Insufficient: the student does not possess an acceptable knowledge of the subject.

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)