D1. Knowledge and understanding: Understand the main methodologies to model and evaluate the processes that determine the exposure to chemical contaminants of human beings and other living species as well as the toxicological processes associated with exposure to pollutants.
D2. Applying knowledge and Understanding: Identify and describe procedures for risk assessment from exposure to chemical contaminants with and without threshold effect, with construction of exposure scenarios and estimation of effects associated with single and multiple contaminants
D3. Making judgments: contextualize and evaluate the content of scientific articles on current environmental chemical risk assessment topics
D4. Communicative skills: Communicate synthetically and with appropriate accuracy, with the support of dedicated software, the content of scientific articles on current topics of environmental chemical risk assessment.
D5. Ability to learn: Identify and consult primary specialist information sources for a proper understanding of the scientific literature on current environmental chemical risk assessment topics.

Bachelor's degree in chemistry or related disciplines

1. Chemical substances and exposure of humans and other species. Risk and hazard; risk analysis and assessment of chemicals. Management and communication of risk related in the environment.
2. General aspects of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Biochemical mechanisms of toxicity; mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Toxicological endpoints. The benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Concentrations, duration and frequency of exposure. Subject and environmental factors that affect toxicological responses.
Toxicology of the main categories of xenobiotics. Toxicity of mixtures and modes of action of toxic species.
3. Ecotoxicology, exposure during the life cycle, species sensitivity distributions; Toxicity tests for aquatic and terrestrial organisms; The approach of the quality triads.
4. Environmental chemistry: Chemicals, chemical and physical properties of environmental relevance Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs). Environmental analytical chemistry and models.
5. Exposure assessment and risk assessment of carcinogenic and not-carcinogenic substances: slope factors and Hazard Index.
6. Applications: REACh Directive (EC 1907/2006, Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances). Management of contaminated sites DLgs 152/2006 and DLgs 4/2008.

• C.J. Van Leewen, T.G. Vermeire “Risk assessment of chemicals: an introduction, 2nd Ed.”, Kluwer (2007) • S.E. Manahan “Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, Third Edition” CRC (2002) • C. Marzano e C. Medana “Chimica tossicologica” PICCIN (2018) • J. A. Torres, S. Bobst “Toxicological risk assessment for beginners” Springer (2015) Texts and references provided during the lessons.Chemistry and Biochemistry, Third Edition” CRC (2002) Texts and references provided during the lessons

1. Chemical substances and exposure of humans and other species. Risk and hazard; risk analysis and assessment of chemicals. Management and communication of risk related in the environment.
2. General aspects of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics: Factors influencing toxic effects. Absorption (ingestion, dermal contact, inhalation), biotransformation and elimination of xenobiotics. Biochemical mechanisms of toxicity; mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Toxicological endpoints: acute, chronic, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity and endocrine disorders and reproductive system. The benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Determinations of environmental Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs), dose-response relationships, ED50; Reversibility and impact sensitivity. Concentrations, duration and frequency of exposure. Subject and environmental factors that affect toxicological responses.
Toxicology of the main categories of xenobiotics: metals, inorganic compounds, hydrocarbons, pesticides, drugs of abuse, toxicity of mixtures and modes of action of toxic species.
3. Ecotoxicology, exposure during the life cycle, species sensitivity distributions; Toxicity tests for aquatic and terrestrial organisms; The approach of the quality triads.
4. Environmental chemistry: Chemicals, chemical and physical properties of environmental relevance (solubility, vapor pressure, Henry, Kow, Koc constant, half-life in the atmosphere, hydrolysis, bioconcentration, fugacity). Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs). Environmental analytical chemistry and models. Emissions, experimental analyses, emission factors from plants and production sectors; uncertainties in estimates; Dispersion, transport and degradation of chemicals; Dilution models in rivers, models of dispersion in the atmosphere; Multi-compartment partition models
5. Exposure assessment and risk assessment of carcinogenic and not-carcinogenic substances: slope factors and Hazard Index.
6. Applications: REACh Directive (EC 1907/2006, Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances). Management of contaminated sites DLgs 152/2006 and DLgs 4/2008.

Lectures with information technology support; seminars.

Slides and supporting material available on the Teams and Moodle University platforms, that is used also for feedback and communication during the course.

Oral exam, with presentation of a scientific article (score up to 10/30) assigned by the teacher. Generally, in addition to the presentation, two other questions are proposed on methods of assessing exposure to environmental contaminants and toxicological effects on humans or other living species (score up to 20/30). Knowledge of specific topics, language properties, communication effectiveness, and the ability to set up an assessment for a environmental contamination scenario are assessed.

The course deals with topics related to the objectives (3) Health and Wellbeing and (12) Responsible Consumption and Production