Knowledge and comprehension skills: - to know the power of information proper to each imaging investigation method in the exploration of the various organs and apparatuses; - to understand the topographical anatomy of the various organs and apparatuses; - to know the interaction between the forms of energy used by the individual methods and the biological structures, integrating them with knowledge of the degree of invasiveness (including the radiant risk) and the economic cost inherent in the various diagnostic procedures - know the legal requirements related to patient radiation protection and the basic aspects of radiation protection equipment; - understand the main issues related to patient radiation protection, with particular emphasis on risk/benefit assessment. - Applied knowledge and comprehension skills: - recognize the different anatomical details on radiologic images and on different scan planes and in different methods; - describe the essential anatomical elements of each organ and anatomical district on radiological images; - ability to rationally define, giving reasons for the assumptions of one's choice, which among the available diagnostic imaging modalities is elective to answer the clinical question at hand; - ability to use acquired knowledge by demonstrating reasoning according to the specific logic of the discipline knowing the precise indications of each radiological method; - ability - also and especially through interaction with the Radiology specialist, to direct the continuation of the diagnostic process in the event that they are faced with complex pathologies for which the investigations of first instance, although correctly employed, prove insufficient; - knowledge and ability to understand medical-nuclear diagnostic pathways in the context of major organ and apparatus diseases; - applied knowledge and ability to understand clinical indications for SPECT and PET/CT imaging studies and integration of medical-nuclear diagnostics into diagnostic and treatment pathways; - knowledge and understanding of patient radiation protection standards in medical exposure. Autonomy of judgment: at the end of the course, the student will be expected to demonstrate that he/she has not only acquired knowledge and concepts, but also to be able to make appropriate judgments. He/she should demonstrate autonomy of judgment in evaluating the appropriateness of imaging and nuclear medical investigations. Communication skills: at the end of the course, the student should be able to express himself/herself and argue appropriately through the specific terminology acquired from the lectures taken, the lecture material and/or the reference text.

RADIOLOGY 1:
Knowledge of anatomy, physics and pathophysiology.

RADIOLOGY 2:
It's recommended the preliminary execution of pathophysiology and integrated pathology 2 and
pathological anatomy

RADIOLOGY RELATED SUBJECTS (NUCLEAR MEDICINE):
Physiopathology; Ionizing radiations; Radiobiology.

History of radiology. Diagnostic imaging techniques and methods (Rx, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Contrast media. Notions of radiological anatomy of the encephalon, of the thorax, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, abdominal cavity and spaces, and pelvis. Indications and contribution of various imaging techniques and methods in the major diseases of the various organs and systems Concepts of radiobiology and radiation protection of the patient and the operator. Introduction to nuclear medical imaging. Principles of radiopharmacy and presentation of the main SPECT/TC and PET/TC technologies used in clinical practice. Illustration of the main clinical indications for nuclear medical diagnostics in oncologic and nononcologic settings.

Materials used for lectures will be provided in .pdf format and will serve as a support and study guide. Reference texts: RADIOLOGY 1: 1. Dal sintomo all'imaging... dall'imaging alla radioterapia. Edizioni Idelson Gnocchi, 2018 2. Manuale di Diagnostica per Immagini- Torricelli, Zompatori- Società Editrice Esculapio 2016 RADIOLOGY 2: Manuale di Diagnostica per Immagini- Torricelli, Zompatori- Società Editrice Esculapio 2016 RADIOLOGY RELATED SUBJECTS (NUCLEAR MEDICINE): 1. Fondamenti di Medicina Nucleare . Editors: Duccio Volterrani, Giuliano Mariani, Paola Anna Erba. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1685-9. Springer-Verlag Milan 2010 2. Clinical Nuclear Medicine. Editors: Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar, Hans-Jürgen Biersack, Leonard M. Freeman, Lionel S. Zuckier DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8. Springer Cham

RADIOLOGY 1: Ionizing radiation and alternative radiation - the X-ray tube X-ray examination (apparatus, accessories, X-ray film, detectors) X-ray image The pararadiological image (with alternative energies) The fundamental techniques of roentgendiagnostic Digital radiology The complementary and special techniques of roentgendiagnostic Computed tomography Pararadiological diagnostic techniques (ultrasound, magnetic resonance) Opaque, transparent contrast media, contrast designs Notions of normal radiological anatomy Techniques and methods and related indications in the study of the nervous system, of the skull and facial mass of the first digestive airways, of the respiratory apparatus, of the cardio vascular apparatus, of the mediastinum, of the digestive system, of the salivary glands, of the liver and spleen, gallbladder and biliary tract, pancreas, endocrine glands, urinary tract, retroperitoneal space, male and female genital organs, breast, bones and joints, soft parts Interventional radiology concepts. Notions of radiobiology. RADIOLOGY 2: 1.Radiological anatomy 2.Scanning planes 3.Computed tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 4.Radiological anatomy of the brain 5.Radiological anatomy of the chest 6.Radiological anatomy of the mediastinum 7.Radiological anatomy of the retroperitoneum 8.Radiological anatomy of the abdominal cavity and abdominal spaces 9.Radiological anatomy of the pelvis. RADIOPROTECTION OF THE PATIENT IN MEDICAL EXPOSURE: Ionising and non-ionising radiation. Principles of radiobiology. Dosimetric assessment in conventional radiography and CT. Technological advancements aimed at dose reduction and optimisation for the patient. Examination technique and dose reduction. Biological and clinical risk. Radiation protection in pregnant women. Radiation protection of the embryo/fetus. Appropriateness of imaging referrals. Legal regulations and responsibilities of the radiologist. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: Introduction to Nuclear Medicine: radiopharmaceuticals and SPECT / CT and PET / CT technology Clinical applications in the field of diseases of the following devices: Central nervous system: SPECT and PET / CT in the study of dementia, parkinson and parkinsonism, resistant drug epilepsy, brain tumors. Respiratory system: perfusion pulmonary scintigraphy Cardio-circulatory system: SPECT / CT and PET / CT in ischemic heart disease and in cardiomyopathies. Osteoarticular apparatus: polyphasic skeletal scintigraphy and total body skeletal scintigraphy in benign bone diseases and in the diagnosis of skeletal metastats. Urinary apparatus: dynamic renal scintigraphy and static renal scintigraphy. Indirect cystoscintigraphy. Gastro-enteric apparatus: search for occult intestinal bleeding, scintigraphy of salivary glands, scintigraphy for suspected Meckel's diverticulum. Endocrine glands: thyroid scintigraphy, parathyroid scintigraphy, adrenal gland scintigraphy, total body scintigraphy with receptorsal tracers in the study of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Infections and Inflammations: scintigraphy with marked autologous cells; PET / TC with 18F-FDG Nuclear Medicine in Oncology: use of conventional methods (SPECT / CT): radio-guided surgery techniques in breast and melanoma carcinoma; Positron emission tomography (PET / CT): applications in oncology with 18-F-FDG and non-FDG radiopharmaceuticals (eg head-neck, lung, lymphomas, gastro-entero-pancreatic, breast, prostate, etc .. )

RADIOLOGY 1: Lectures. Guided tour in the Department of Radiology of Cattinara Hospital RADIOLOGY 2: Lectures RADIOLOGY RELATED SUBJECTS (NUCLEAR MEDICINE): Lecture and guided tour in the ASUITS nuclear medicine service of the Cattinara hospital garrison, the latter is reserved for students who have attended the entire cycle of lectures. RADIOPROTECTION OF THE PATIENT IN THE MEDICAL EXPOSURE: Lectures

Any further information on the course program and exams will be provided via the moodle platform

Oral examination through partial tests with single, concurrent final evaluation within the evaluating committee. The methods of verification of learning involve the conduct of partial tests for each module to be taken in the appointments provided in the calendar of examinations of the Degree Course. The results of the partial tests must be published using the computer tool of "Partial Tests" provided by the Esse3 platform, and will be verbalized in a single final appeal in which the Commission proceeds to verify the overall results of the integrated teaching and its verbalization. In the case of the partial tests, the student, in order to pass the examination related to the teaching must obtain a grade ≥ 18 in each of the partial tests, may not reject the outcome of the partial test, but only the grade of the entire Integrated Course and, in that case, must repeat all the partial tests. The procedures for taking the partial tests are detailed in the syllabus of each module (teaching unit). The Student must register for the online appeal of the partial proof on ESSE3. The grade of the partial proof is valid until the extraordinary session of the relevant academic year. The final exam grade for the integrated course is derived from the weighted average, thus weighted on the CFUs of each module, obtained in the individual partial tests. For the purpose of defining the average, any honors obtained in the partial tests are given the value of 1 point, i.e., the grade of 30 and honors in the partial tests corresponds numerically to the score of 31. For award honors to final exam grade the weighted average obtained in the partial tests must be >30.5. RADIOLOGY 1 (medical radiology and radiobiology). Oral examination: approximately 2 questions (1 from medical radiology and 1 from radiobiology) of open-ended verification on the entire program aimed at assessing the student's knowledge and reasoning ability. Examination duration: approximately 25 minutes The evaluation grid adopted is as follows: -Excellent (30-30 cum laude): excellent knowledge of the topics, expressed with appropriateness of specific language. The student is able to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases and in particular knows the indications, contribution and limitations of the radiological techniques covered during the course in the context of the pathologies of interest, as well as knows the basics of radiobiology. -Very good (27-29): good knowledge of the topics, expressed with appropriateness of specific language. The student is able to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases and in particular knows the indications, contribution and limitations of the radiological techniques covered during the course in the context of the pathologies of interest, as well as knows the basics of radiobiology. -Good (24-26): fair knowledge of the topics, expressed with fair appropriateness of specific language. The student is able to apply theoretical knowledge in some concrete cases and in particular knows the main indications, contribution and main limitations of the radiological techniques covered during the course in the context of the pathologies of interest, as well as knows the basics of radiobiology. -Sufficient (18-23): The student does not show full knowledge of the topics covered of which he/she knows some fundamental aspects, satisfactory appropriateness of language, sufficient knowledge of the indications and contribution of the radiological techniques covered and knowledge of the basics of radiobiology and radiation protection . -Insufficient (<18): the student does not possess sufficient knowledge of the content of the program covered. For the other modules see the contents in the Syllabus of the respective modules

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)