Knowledge and ability to understand: the student will have to show mastery of the knowledge related to the physical mechanisms of laser sources, the biochemical and biological properties of the interaction of light with tissues and the main clinical applications of laser therapy. 
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: the student will have to show that he/she has acquired skills, tools and a conscious autonomy of judgement in relation to the topics dealt with.
Autonomy of judgement: the student will have to show possession of the ability to use the acquired knowledge, demonstrating to reason according to the specific logic of the discipline. He/she will have to be able to assess the indication for a laser therapy on the basis of the biological effects to be obtained from the therapy itself, thus paying attention to the indications and contraindications of the treatment.
Communication skills: during the lectures students will be stimulated to interact and discuss with each other, while during the practical activity carried out in the preclinic they will be given the opportunity to apply the basic knowledge acquired during the lectures.
Learning ability: the student should be able to independently deepen the topics covered in the course through critical consultation of scientific articles provided by the lecturer and to know how to use ex vivo laser source for tissue treatment.

Concepts of physics, biology and general pathology.

Physics of light and technical mechanisms of laser devices, biological effects of laser-tissue interaction, therapeutic applications of laser therapy in the dental settings.
Practical tests of laser treatments on ex vivo tissues (preclinical room).

Scientific articles to support the clinical cases commented during the lectures.

- Elements of laser light physics
- Biological effects of laser light
- In vitro and in vivo evaluations of antalgic, anti-inflammatory, regenerative and antimicrobial effects
- Principles of biostimulation and wound healing 
- National and international guidelines and scientific publications on the use of laser therapy 
- Clinical applications
- Hints on safety in the use of laser devices

Conventional frontal teaching and practical tests carried out in the preclinical classroom (Ospedale Maggiore).
Any changes to the methods described herein, which may be necessary to ensure the application of COVID19 emergency safety protocols, will be communicated on the Department, Course of Study and teaching website.

Course chosen by the student

The examination is based on the entire course programme. The testing of the knowledge acquired will be carried out by means of a written examination with 5 multiple-choice questions. The examination is marked by means of a pass mark. To pass the examination, the student must correctly answer at least 3 out of 5 questions.

This teaching explores topics closely related to one or more of the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations.