To provide students with the theoretical and practical foundations for recognizing and managing the main clinical syndromes encountered in emergencies, both in pre-hospital settings and within the hospital.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
The main objective of the course is to provide students with the basic surgical knowledge, useful for being able to better carry out their future health profession.
The student will be explained how the clinical approach is conducted to a presenting patient surgical problems, how to prepare a patient for surgery, how to prevent and then, possibly, deal with the complications of surgery. The main pathologies of interest will be treated
surgery and surgical urgencies and emergencies, their pathophysiology, clinic, method of diagnosis, severity, prognosis and therapy.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
The student must demonstrate that they have acquired specific terminology, knowledge, competence, and a conscious autonomy of judgment regarding the main surgical conditions that may require emergency surgery. In particular, they must demonstrate the ability to apply a clinical methodology in diagnosing such conditions and to manage emergencies promptly, working in a team with colleagues, attending physicians, operating room staff, and emergency department personnel.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT
The student must demonstrate possession of the ability to use the knowledge acquired, to be able to evaluate the patient's condition and evaluate priorities in order to implement first aid, always in collaboration with colleagues.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Ability to communicate information, ideas, problems, and solutions. Ability to present conclusions, knowledge, and the underlying rationale to both specialist and non-specialist audiences.
LEARNING SKILLS
Having developed the necessary competencies to pursue further studies with a high degree of autonomy. Ability to study in a largely self-directed or independent manner.

Basic Knowledge of human anatomy and physiology. Knowledge of life-saving drugs and correct fluid therapy.

Surgical Pathologies: identification of treatment.
Acute abdomen
Bowel obstruction
Acute peritonitis
Acute biliary diseases
Acute appendicitis
Acute intestinal ischemia and ischemic colitis
Main emergencies in vascular surgery
Hernias of the abdominal wall
Digestive haemorrhages
Thoracic and abdominal trauma
Abdominal compartment syndrome
Operative risk assessment
Complications in general surgery and their management
Interventional radiology procedures

Chirurgia per infermieri - V edizione -a cura di Mario Lise.
Chirurgia d'urgenza. Principi e pratica
di L. D. Britt (Autore) D. D. Trunkey (Curatore) D. V. Feliciano (Curatore) Verduci, 2010

Surgical Pathologies: interpretation of symptoms and level of priority, principles of treatment
- Acute abdomen: definition, pain characteristics, diagnosis
- Acute biliary diseases: principles of diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, and acute pancreatitis.
- Bowel obstruction: patient evaluation, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, diagnosis
- Acute generalized peritonitis and gastrointestinal perforation
- Acute appendicitis
- Acute intestinal ischemia, ischemic colitis
- Major emergencies in vascular surgery: principles of diagnosis and treatment of aortic aneurysm, acute lower limb ischemia, and aortic dissection
- Main hernias of the abdominal wall: crural hernia, inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, postoperative hernia
- Gastrointestinal bleeding: approach to the bleeding patient with or without hemocoagulopathy
- Trauma: general overview, thoracic and abdominal trauma
- Abdominal compartment syndrome and open abdomen
Operative risk assessment
Complications in general surgery and their management
Specific interventional radiology procedures

During the course slides containing data in English will be provided, even if most of them will be in Italian. During the lectures there will be oral interviews in order to test the students’ learning process. At the end of each lecture slides will be given to students and the teacher will answer questions or any request for further information.

At the end of each lecture slides will be given to students and the teacher will answer questions or any requests for further information.

The assessment of the achievement of the objectives set by the course includes a final oral exam regarding 2 topics of the program. The professor evaluate the student's ability, the modality of expression, and the ability to synthesise.
During the exam, the candidate will have to answer specific questions on one or more topics covered, demonstrating adequate knowledge of the entire program covered.
The evaluation of profit during the final exam can also take into account the results achieved in any interviews held during the course.
The candidate will pass the exam if he has demonstrated that he can deal with the clinical topic after having analyzed the patient's general conditions, performed the physical examination and evaluated a correct differential diagnosis.
Final score will be converted to a maximum of 30 points.
(30-30 cum laude=excellent knowledge; 27-29=very good knowledge; 24-26=good knowledge; 21-23 = just right knowledge; minimum amount of knowledge; <18= not enough knowledge).
30/30 cum laude will obviously be awarded to the student who will have demonstrated that he is already able to deal with the patient with the right competence and who will express himself with correct scientific terms and also with the right humanity towards him.
18/30 will be awarded to the student who has demonstrated that he has been committed to studying the topics of the program but the terminologies used are not yet appropriate in all fields.
The student will not pass the exam if he has demonstrated that he does not know the required topics and that he is unable to deal with a surgical clinical case.

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)