KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
The student will be able to read and interpret topographic maps. He will know the structure of the Solar System, the genesis of Planet Earth and its evolution. He will also have knowledge of the basic concepts of meteorology and climate. He will know the rock cycle and the main types of rocks. Having known the morphogenetic factors, he will have learned the processes of degradation, the influence of lithology and the structural arrangement on the forms, the phenomena of gravitational settlement, those of erosion, transport and fluvial sedimentation. He will know the coastal and glacial morphogenetic principles and the related morphotypes. He will have knowledge of the volcanic, aeolian and karst phenomenologies and the consequent forms of dissolution and concretion. He will have sufficient knowledge to interpret reliefs and shapes related to the structure and tectonic movements.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT
The student will develop autonomy of judgment in the individual preparation path for the exam by assimilating and reworking the contents covered in the course.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
The student should be able to express their knowledge of the course contents using appropriate terms with an adequate vocabulary concerning physical geography and geology. The oral exam includes closed and open questions in which the student must demonstrate the ability to re-elaborate and communicate knowledge
LEARNING SKILLS
Learning skills will be assessed during the course by involving students in the discussion of the topics covered.

Basic knowledge in mathematics, physics, chemistry and sciences from the secondary school.

Carthography exercises. The Solar System. The atmosphere, elements of meteorology (temperature, humidity, rainfall, weather fronts formation). The seven atmospheric components. The pressure and the global winds. The climatic zones according to Koppen classification. Types of Biomes. Mass movements and their associated landforms. Climate changes from LGM. Oceans and wave types. Water cycle. Earth structure. Continental drift and plate tectonics. Faults and folds, rock types. Geological Provinces. Volcano types. Karst landforms. Rivers and lakes. Glaciers and glacial-induced landforms. The deserts.

The teacher provides the slides of the course.

Physical geography, suggested books:
-Comprendere il paesaggio, di T.L. McKnight & D. Hess, Ed. italiana a cura di F. Dramis, PICCIN Ed.

-Cartografia. La lettura delle carte, di L. Aruta e P. Marescalchi, Dario Flaccovio Editore.

Laboratory of Cartography: Meridians, parallels, longitude, latitude. Scale of maps, geographic projections. Coordinate systems, geographical grids and mileage. Maps, coordinates, contour lines, dimensions, symbols. National cartography (1:100.000, 1:50.000, 1:25.000) and regional (1:5.000, 1:10.000) Italian. Topographic profiles: principles and implementation. Thematic cartography. Maps: analysis of lithologic and / or structural influences on morphologies, reliefs, the hydrographic network, the physical landscape. Recognition of characteristic morphotypes.

Physical Geography
1) The Solar System - the planets, the Sun, asteroids and comets
2) The atmopshere - Composition, the verstical structure, the climate factors
3) Insolation and temperature - Solar radiation, cooling and heating processes, temperature transfer mechanisms, Global Warming, impact of temperature rise
4) Atmospheric pressure and winds - The nature of atmospheric pressure, isobars, cyclones, anticyclones, general atmospheric circulation (trade winds, westerly winds, etc.), changes in atmospheric circulation, monsoons, katabatic winds, local wind systems, the Mediterranean winds
5) Humidity - Humidity types, cloud classification
6) Climate - Climate classification, koppen classification, koppen classes and spatial distribution of Koppen classes, the terrestrial biomes, spatial distribuiton of terrestrial biomes
7) Changes in the Earth's climate- Little Ice Age, Roman Warm Period, Chinese Loess plateau, Quaternary glaciations
8) Hydrosphere - water, oceans, marine water dynamics, tides, waves, tsunamis, glaciers, lakes, rivers, groundwater
9) Introduction to landforms - Introduction, Structure of the Earth, Seismic waves, the crust, the mantle, the core, minerals and rocks, igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, faults and folds, volcanic regions
10) Plate tectonics- Introduction, continental drift, plate tectonics, paleomagnetic evidence, the study of the ocean floor, typologies and analysis of plate boundaries, the San Andreas fault, passive continental margins, active continental margins, trenches tectonics, arc ditch basin system, orogen formation, ophiolites, volcanoes, types of lava, solid products, types of volcanic edifices, types of eruption, hot spots, secondary volcanic manifestations (Geysers, fumaroles, mofets, etc.), earthquakes, the Richter scale, the Mercalli scale, volcanic earthquakes and man-made earthquakes, seismic risk and volcanic risk
11) Landslide - introduction to landslides, landslide types, landslide landforms
12) River processes - introduction, valleys and interfluves, watercourse orders, drainage systems, erosion, transport, sedimentation, fans, embankments, alluvial plains, meanders, delta types, alluvial terraces and recessed meanders, drainage networks
13) Karst - introduction, dissolution and precipitation, what is karst, spatial distribution of karst areas, caves, stalactites and stalagmites, furrowed fields, kamenitze, sinkholes, furrows, polje, karst pavement, tropical karst
14) The landscapes of arid regions - Introduction, river erosion in drylands, selective erosion, inselberg and bornhardt, mesa, butte, and plateau, types of deserts

Classroom lessons and individual and group exercises. Two field visits will be carried out in W Friuli and S Friuli.

Any changes to the methods described here, which become necessary to ensure the application of the safety protocols related to the COVID19 emergency, will be communicated on the Department, Study Program and teaching websites.

Oral test.
The test consists of:

-calculation of the coordinates of a site in the CTR or IGM map. (binding for the prosecution of the exam)
-general cartography (binding for the prosecution of the exam)
-2-4 questions of physical geography, open (discussion) or closed (classifications, etc).

The following aims of the Agenda 2030 are invoved: