Knowledge and comprehension abilities: understanding of the basic working principles of measuring equipment for electrical equipment testing. Knowledge of the basic testing procedures applied to the common type of electrical machines and systems, the test execution procedures and their purposes. Knowledge of basic standard references for acceptance testing of electrical equipment.

Applied knowledge and comprehension abilities: to be able to understand the information gathered during a testing experience. To be able to use this information to prepare a test report containing the test description, data elaboration and drawn conclusions.

Autonomy of judgenment: to be able to critically evaluate the results of a piece of electric equipment testing. To be able to determine the best suited testing procedure with the purpose of a specific target.

Comunication skills: to be able to describe the testing procedure for any specific objective related to any specific electric system. To be able to prepare a technical report about the specific activity.

Learning skills: to be able to determine the minimum characteristics of measuring and testing equipment suitable for a specific system test procedure. To be able to interpret and evaluate electric equipment testing results.

Basics of electrical engineering.
Fundamentals of electrical machines & power systems.
Elements of computer science.

1. Basics on Measurements & Data Analysis
2. Measuring Equipments for Electrical Engineering
3. Basics on electrical machines testing
4. Tests on insulating systems
5. Transformers testing
6. Synchronous machines testing
7. Induction machines testing
8. Temperature tests
9. Digital instrumentation for electrical energy
10. Introduction to Python programming
11. Transmission on data networks
12. Measurement devices for frequency and voltage regulation
13. Smart Metering
14. Phasor Measurement Unit

Slides shown during lessons are made available to the students individually before classes. Slides are designed in the form of text-book suitable for individual study.

G. Zingales, Misure sulle macchine e sugli impianti elettrici, CLEUP, 1989 (in Italian).

G. Iuculano, D. Mirri, Misure elettroniche, CEDAM, 2002 (in Italian).

F. Milano, Advances in Power System Modelling, Control and Stability Analysis, IET Power&Energy series, 2016.

Excerpts of Technical standards (IEC/IEEE) as mentioned in the lectures.

Annexes to Italian grid code.

Technical connection rules.

1. Basics on Measurements & Data Analysis
Notes on measurement, units, sample values
Basics on error theory.
Measurement random nature.
Data analysis

2. Measuring Equipment for Electrical Engineering
Basics characteristics of measuring instrumentation
Instrumentation for measurement of electrical quantities
Resistance measurements.
Measurement of non-electric quantities.

3. Basics on electrical machines testing
Reasons to acceptance testing. Test categories and basic definitions. Standard references.
Typical testing configurations. Dissipative and regenerative testing schemes. Direct and indirect testing

4. Tests on insulating systems
Insulation resistance.
Loss factor (tandelta).
High voltage withstand test.

5. Transfomers testing
Review on transformer modeling and its characteristic parameters
Standard tests: measure of transformation ratio, no-load test, short-circuit test
Determination of standard efficiency and nameplate data
Lab. Experience: three-phase transformer testing

6. Synchronous machines testing
Basic review on synchronous machines
Typical tests: resistance measurement, no-load test, short-circuit test.
Other tests: ZPF test, small-slip test, overspeed test
Synchronous machine models for characteristic curves determination and their identification from test
Procedures for characteristic curve determination
Loss and efficiency determination from tests.
Lab. Experience: efficiency test on a brushless motor

7. Induction machines testing
Basic review on induction machines
Typical tests: resistance measurement, no-load test, lockerd-rotor test
Other tests: load characteristics, tests for stray-load losses
Identification of equivalent circuit from test results
Characteristic curves and efficiency determination from test results
Lab. Experience: identification tests for an induction motor.

8. Temperature tests
Introduction, purposes and definitions about thermal tests
Direct temperature tests: criteria, thermal regime, temperature rise
Introduction to indirect temperature tests: the superposition method
Indirect temperature testing for synchronous machines
Indirect temperature testing for induction machines

9. Digital instrumentation for electrical energy
Digital and analogue instruments, Digital measures, combinatorial logic and sequential logic. Counters, Integrating Volmeter, ramp voltmeter. Digital to analogue conversion. Conversione errors
Electrical quantities measurement
Measurement transformers
Sampling with microprocessors systems. Reading sinusoidal electrical signals. Examples in Simulink

10. Introduction to Python programming

11. Transmission on data networks
TCP/IP stack, Socket communication: TCP and UDP protocols. Main communication protocols in electrical systems
Excercises in Python

12. Measurenment devices for frequency and voltage regulations
UVRQ Verification unit for reactive power regulation
UVRP verification unit for frequency regulation

13. Smart Metering
2G metering infrastructure. Protocols: PLC, MQTT

14. Phasor Measurement Unit
Architecture and communication protocols
Examples

Theory classes
Laboratory activities

The student is required to prepare a brief technical report on the laboratory experiences carried out during the course and a Python script for the management of a measuring instrument. These assignments may be discussed with the candidate during the exam to clarify any critical issues.

The exam consists of an oral interview, divided into three questions on the topics covered in the frontal lessons.

The final grade is determined, for about 80%, by the evaluation of the assignments submitted and, for the remaining part, by the outcome of the oral interview.

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)