Fundamentals of electrical power system design (distribution and users)

Knowledge and understanding: understand the fundamental principles of the electrical power system distributions; know the management practice of the power systems for distribution and use of electric energy. Applying knowledge and understanding: be able to study and evaluate the fundamentals and design principles of the electrical distrubution systems and users.
Making judgements: be able to apply the acquired knowledge in order to solve problems regarding the basic properties and design elements of electrical power distribution systems and users.
Communication skills: acquire the technical and scientific language required to expose and discuss technical and theoretical problems in the field of electrical power systems fundamentals and design. Learning skills: be able to collect information from text books, databases, and design schemes in order to autonomously solve problems and manage the design of electrical power distribution systems and users.

Electrotechnics

1. THE PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT, AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY.
Introduction and analytical comparison between the various types of distribution and transmission architectures. The current Italian electricity industry: structure and data. Unified voltages in transport, distribution, and user power systems. Laws and the Standards in the field of electrical power systems.

2. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ELECTRICAL NETWORKS.
Linear electrical networks and their properties. Review of bipole theory and linear double bipoles. The structure of the transmission and distribution networks. The technology of electrical lines and cables in HV, MV, and LV. Ampacity in steady-state and transent regimes. The models and service parameters of overhead lines and cables. The Corona effect. The model of the transformer.

3. CALCULATION OF VOLTAGE DROPS.
The problem of calculating the voltage drop across a double bipole with any load. Notable cases and the Ferranti effect. The Perryne-Baum diagrams.
The calculation of the voltage drop in networks with various configurations (radial, ring, with double power supply, with power supplies at slightly different voltages, meshed, etc.) The Coltri method for the calculation of the voltage drop in complex networks. The approximate methods for the calculation of voltage drop in networks with any loads. Calculation examples.

4. POWER FACTOR CORRECTION.
The management of reactive power in power systems. Power factor correction theory and technique. The sizing of power factor correction systems. Evaluations of economic convenience in power factor correction. Calculation examples.

5. THE SHORT CIRCUIT.
The short circuit in electrical power systems and its importance for design purposes. Steady-state short-circuit analysis. Transient short-circuit currents. Modeling of the network and its components. The p.u. method. The practical calculation of the short-circuit currents, the approximate methods, the Standards, the choice and sizing of the components. The use of the calculator in short-circuit checks, with particular reference to user power systems. Introduction to the study of non-symmetrical short circuits. Calculation examples.

6. PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND GROUNDING SYSTEMS.
The physiological effects of the current. The analysis of the field around a ground rod. Methods of protection from direct and indirect contacts. Low voltage and TT, TN and IT distribution systems. The sizing of the systems and their components for protection from indirect contact by opening the circuit in the various distribution cases. Alternative protection systems not relying on circuit opening in LV. The protection criteria against indirect contacts in MV and in HV. Sizing of grounding system in MV and HV. The safety checks and measurements on the LV, MV, and HV power systems. The current legislation and legal obligations on the subject.

7. ELEMENTS OF POWER SYSTEMS DESIGN
Structure of a project. Methods and tools for the design. Use of calculators and calculation/simulation methods. Elements of an electrical power plant design: categories and design documents, calculations, checks (with particular reference to: ampacity, voltage drops, short-circuit currents, potentials in the ground). Presentation and review of one or more case studies.

V.Cataliotti “Impianti elettrici” (3 volumi) Ed. FLACCOVIO

V.Carrescia “Fondamenti di sicurezza elettrica” Ed. TNE

F. Iliceto, “Impianti Elettrici”, vol.1, Ed. Patron.

Electrical design handbooks:
"Siemens Handbook", "BBC Handbook, "Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers"

CEI / IEC Technical rules (provided by the Professor)

Slides (provided by the Professor)

1. THE PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT, AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY.
Introduction and analytical comparison between the various types of distribution and transmission architectures. The current Italian electricity industry: structure and data. Unified voltages in transport, distribution, and user power systems. Laws and the Standards in the field of electrical power systems.

2. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ELECTRICAL NETWORKS.
Linear electrical networks and their properties. Review of bipole theory and linear double bipoles. The structure of the transmission and distribution networks. The technology of electrical lines and cables in HV, MV, and LV. Ampacity in steady-state and transent regimes. The models and service parameters of overhead lines and cables. The Corona effect. The model of the transformer.

3. CALCULATION OF VOLTAGE DROPS.
The problem of calculating the voltage drop across a double bipole with any load. Notable cases and the Ferranti effect. The Perryne-Baum diagrams.
The calculation of the voltage drop in networks with various configurations (radial, ring, with double power supply, with power supplies at slightly different voltages, meshed, etc.) The Coltri method for the calculation of the voltage drop in complex networks. The approximate methods for the calculation of voltage drop in networks with any loads. Calculation examples.

4. POWER FACTOR CORRECTION.
The management of reactive power in power systems. Power factor correction theory and technique. The sizing of power factor correction systems. Evaluations of economic convenience in power factor correction. Calculation examples.

5. THE SHORT CIRCUIT.
The short circuit in electrical power systems and its importance for design purposes. Steady-state short-circuit analysis. Transient short-circuit currents. Modeling of the network and its components. The p.u. method. The practical calculation of the short-circuit currents, the approximate methods, the Standards, the choice and sizing of the components. The use of the calculator in short-circuit checks, with particular reference to user power systems. Introduction to the study of non-symmetrical short circuits. Calculation examples.

6. PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND GROUNDING SYSTEMS.
The physiological effects of the current. The analysis of the field around a ground rod. Methods of protection from direct and indirect contacts. Low voltage and TT, TN and IT distribution systems. The sizing of the systems and their components for protection from indirect contact by opening the circuit in the various distribution cases. Alternative protection systems not relying on circuit opening in LV. The protection criteria against indirect contacts in MV and in HV. Sizing of grounding system in MV and HV. The safety checks and measurements on the LV, MV, and HV power systems. The current legislation and legal obligations on the subject.

7. ELEMENTS OF POWER SYSTEMS DESIGN
Structure of a project. Methods and tools for the design. Use of calculators and calculation/simulation methods. Elements of an electrical power plant design: categories and design documents, calculations, checks (with particular reference to: ampacity, voltage drops, short-circuit currents, potentials in the ground). Presentation and review of one or more case studies.

Oral lessons. Workshops. Practical tests. Technical visits. Teaching labs.

Compulsory attendance of some specific educational activities (workshops, seminars, interactive exercises, etc.) is expected.

Final oral examination with theory questions, discussion of complex problems, and cases of study.
During the examination, the knowledge about the overall course program will be evaluated through an appropriated number of questions.