Knowledge and understanding: to provide a rigorous but essential knowledge of the operating principles of turbomachinery and displacement machines. To give basic information on pollution from combustion processes and on the techniques for their reduction. Knowing the types and characteristics of turbines and engines based ship propulsion plants.
Applying knowledge and understanding: ability to conceive the operation of hydraulic and thermal machines and to explain it on the basis of fundamental physical and thermodynamic principles.
Making judgements: ability to properly collect and understand the meaning of machine operation data.
Learning skills: ability to undertake the study of innovative and / or complex machines and energy systems with solid basic knowledge.

Prerequisites: Applied Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

0. INTRODUCTION, CLASSIFICATION OF FLUID MACHINES
General information on fluid machines, classification and study criteria.
1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THERMO-FLUID-DYNAMICS OF FLUID MACHINES
1.1 Recalls and complements of thermodynamics and fluid-dynamics
1.2 One-dimensional theory of turbomachinery
2. PUMPS, FANS AND COMPRESSORS
2.1 General features
2.2 The control of turbomachinery
2.3 Pumps, fans and compressors
2.3.1 Pumps.
2.3.2 Fans.
2.3.3 Compressors
3. HYDRAULIC, STEAM AND GAS POWER PLANTS, ENGINES
3.1 HYDRAULIC TURBINES
3.2 COMBUSTION AND POLLUTANT EMISSIONS
3.3 THERMAL TURBINES
3.3.1 General features
3.3.2 Steam power plants
3.3.3 Gas turbines
3.4 RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
3.4.1 General features
3.4.2 Four stroke marine engines
3.4.3 Two stroke marine engines
3.4.4 Engines for electric generation and electric propulsion
3.5 Electrochemical engines
4. COMPLEMENTS OF MARINE MACHINERY
4.1 Generalities on Marine Propulsion Systems
4.1 Steam engines for marine propulsion
4.2 Gas turbines for marine propulsion
4.3 Engines for marine propulsion

Alberto Cavallini, Lino Mattarolo, "Termodinamica Applicata", Cleup Editore, Padova, 1990.
Vincenzo Dossena, Giancarlo Ferrari, Paolo Gaetani, Gianluca Montenegro, Angelo Onorati, Giacomo Persico, “Macchine a fluido”, CittàStudi Edizioni, 2020.
Giancarlo Ferrari, “Motori a Combustione Interna”, Esculapio, Bologna, 2016.
Giancarlo Ferrari, “Hydraulic and Thermal Mchines”, Esculapio, Bologna, 2007.
Renato Della Volpe, “Macchine”, Liguori Editore, Napoli, 2011.
Renato Della Volpe, “Impianti Motori per la Propulsione Navale”, Liguori Editore, Napoli, 1990.

For more on batteries, electrolysers, hydrogen storage::
Springer Handbook of Electrochemical Energy, C. Breitkopf, K. Swider-Lyons, Springer, 2016, ISBN: 9783662466568
Handbook of Batteries, D. Linden, T. B. Reddy, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2001, 9780071359788
Electrochemical Water Electrolysis, Fundamentals and Technologies, 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, 78-1-138-32932-4
Erik Wolf, Electrochemical Energy Storage for Renewable Sources and Grid Balancing, Chapter 9 - Large-Scale Hydrogen Energy Storage, doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-62616-5.00009-7
Solar Based Hydrogen Production Systems, Dincer, Joshi, 2013, Springer, 978-1-4614-7430-2
Carmo, Stolten et al., A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, 12, 2013, 4901-4934, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.151
Mancera, Calderón et al., An Optimized Balance of Plant for a Medium-Size PEM Electrolyzer: Design, Control and Physical Implementation, Electronics 9, 5, (2020), 871, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050871
Kumar, Himabindu, 2019, Hydrogen production by PEM water electrolysis – A review, Materials Science for Energy Technologies, 2, 3, (2019), 442-454, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2019.03.002
Erik Wolf, Electrochemical Energy Storage for Renewable Sources and Grid Balancing, Chapter 9 - Large-Scale Hydrogen Energy Storage (Pages: 129-142)
Manfred Klell, Handbook of Hydrogen Storage: New Materials for Future Energy Storage, Chapter 1 - Storage of Hydrogen in the Pure Form (Pages: 1-37)
Agata Godula-Jopek, Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis, Chapter 7 - Hydrogen Storage Options Including Constraints and Challenges (Pages: 273-309)

0. INTRODUCTION, CLASSIFICATION OF FLUID MACHINES General information on fluid machines, classification and study criteria. 1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THERMO-FLUID-DYNAMICS OF FLUID MACHINES 1.1 Recalls and complements of thermodynamics and fluid-dynamics The first law of thermodynamics, internal energy and enthalpy, stagnation conditions. Compressible fluid flow analysis. Ideal and real processes of compression and expansion. 1.2 One-dimensional theory of turbomachinery Turbomachinery principles of operation: absolute and relative flows, velocity triangles, Euler work, reaction. Dimensional analysis, specific speed. 2. PUMPS, FANS AND COMPRESSORS 2.1 General features Actual and ideal performance curves. Blade shape and stage design basic principles. 2.2 The control of turbomachinery Plant-machine interaction. Stable operating point and control. Series and parallel arrangements. 2.3 Pumps, fans and compressors 2.3.1 Cavitation. Design and operating curves of centrifugal and axial pumps. Volumetric pumps. 2.3.2 Design and operating curves of centrifugal and axial fans. 2.3.3 Design and operating curves of centrifugal and axial compressors. Positive displacement compressors. 3. HYDRAULIC, STEAM AND GAS POWER PLANTS, ENGINES 3.1 HYDRAULIC TURBINES Hydroelectric plants. Classification of hydraulic turbines. Design and operating behaviours of Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines. 3.2 COMBUSTION AND POLLUTANT EMISSIONS Fuels properties and utilization. Combustion fundamental concepts (recalls and complements). Combustion pollutant emissions and available reduction techniques. 3.3 THERMAL TURBINES 3.3.1 General features Stage classification, efficiencies, impulse and reaction stages,. 3.3.2 Steam power plants Rankine cycle (recalls) and its components. Boilers, multi-stage turbines configuration, auxiliaries. Marine applications. 3.3.3 Gas turbines Simple and regenerative Brayton cycle (recalls), thermodynamic and tecnological limits. Classification, design, operating behaviours. Marine applications. 3.4 RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 3.4.1 General features Ideal cycles (recalls). Operating behaviours of two and four stroke, aspirated an supercharged Otto and Diesel engines (air capacity and scavenging, mixture requirements, fuel injection, combustion phenomenology, power and efficiency, operating curves, pollutant reduction techniques). 3.4.2 Four stroke marine engines Diesel, dual fuel and gas engines. 3.4.3 Two stroke marine engines Diesel, dual fuel and gas engines. 3.4.4 Engines for electric generation and electric propulsion Thermal and electric machinery coupling schemes. 3.5 Electrochemical engines. Basics of electrochemistry, batteries, electrolysers, and hydrogen storage methods. 4. COMPLEMENTS OF MARINE MACHINERY 4.1 Generalities on Marine Propulsion Systems 4.1 Steam engines for marine propulsion 4.2 Gas turbines for marine propulsion

Classroom lessons, classroom numerical exercises, laboratory performance measurement of some machines and, as a rule, a technical visit.
Any changes to the methods described here, which become necessary to ensure the application of the safety protocols related to the COVID19 emergency, will be communicated on the Department, Study Program and teaching website.

Additional teaching material will be available for students on the moodle platform (https://moodle2.units.it/course/index.php?categoryid=25).

Aim of the exam is to ascertain an adequate knowledge of the theoretical arguments discussed in the course and the ability to apply them to the solution of basic engineering issues regarding the fluid machines.
The exam consists of an oral test, articulated in three extended questions. These relate to aspects of the theory, but may include the discussion of topics addressed in classroom and laboratory exercises. In this regard, the candidate must take the written collection of the exercises conducted during the course.
The final evaluation of the exam is given in thirty/30. The examination is considered sufficient with a score of at least 18/30.

The course covers topics closely related to one or more of the goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.